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顺铂最主要不良反应
补充说明:顺铂最主要不良反应
a******W 2022-04-24 22:37
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医生回答(1)
顺铂最主要的不良反应包括恶心呕吐、肾毒性和听力损害、神经毒性、骨髓抑制以及黏膜炎。
1.恶心呕吐
恶心呕吐通常是因为顺铂引起中枢神经系统5-羟色胺受体被激活。该症状可能导致患者食欲不振、脱水等,进一步影响治疗效果和生活质量。
2.肾毒性和听力损害
肾毒性和听力损害是由于顺铂通过干扰DNA合成过程而损伤细胞,导致肾小管上皮细胞坏死及内耳毛细胞凋亡。长期或高剂量使用可引起急性肾衰竭、听力下降甚至失聪。
3.神经毒性
Neurotoxicity of cisplatin is due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause damage to neurons.Cisplatin neurotoxicity can manifest as peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, or autonomic dysfunction.
4.骨髓抑制
Owing to the fact that bone marrow cells have high metabolic activity, they are more sensitive to cytotoxic drugs like cisplatin.The myelosuppression induced by cisplatin leads to anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, which may result in increased susceptibility to infection and bleeding complications.
5.黏膜炎
Mucosal inflammation caused by cisplatin is related to its capacity to induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in epithelial cells.Symptoms include oral ulcers, diarrhea, and difficulty swallowing, which can significantly impair quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
在接受顺铂化疗时,应注意监测并预防上述不良反应。同时,保持良好的口腔卫生和充足的水分摄入也有助于减轻恶心呕吐的症状。
2024-03-22 03:09
举报向医生提问
症状起因:骨髓抑制是多数化疗药的常见毒性反应,大多数化疗药均可引起有不同程度的骨髓抑制,使周围血细胞数量减少,血细胞由多种成分组成,每一种成分都对人体起着不可缺少的作用,任何一种成分的减少都使机体产生相应的副反应.较常见的药物如:阿霉素,泰素,卡铂,异环磷酰胺,长春碱类等。
常见检查:
就诊科室:血液